Event:

The prefrontal cortex plays a pivotal role in the regulation of flexible, goal-directed behavior and in many other executive functions. Through its extensive connections with other cortical and subcortical structures, the prefrontal cortex is involved in multiple neural circuits subserving these diverse behaviors. Its function is also strongly influenced by a convergence of multiple neuromodulatory inputs, the exact roles of which are yet unresolved. In neuropsychiatric disorders, prefrontal dysfunction is often hypothesized to play a pathophysiological role. For example, a shift in the balance between excitation and inhibition has been suggested as a mechanism of dysfunction in schizophrenia and autism. To study the function of such complex circuits we have developed optogenetic tools that allow us to specifically target particular types of neurons for manipulation based on genetic profile or connectivity. The optogenetic toolbox allows light-based excitation, inhibition, and biochemical manipulation of defined neruons in behaving animals. I will describe the current state of the art in this field and present our work utilizing these tools to understand the impact of acute and chronic changes in cortical inhibition over circuit dynamics and behavior.